West Kameng District is located on the western edge of Arunachal Pradesh, bordering Bhutan and the Indian state of Assam. The region’s geographic position makes it the primary entry point for travelers coming from major cities like Guwahati, which is well-connected by air and rail with the rest of India. This geographical transition is a striking contrast as one travels from from the flat plains of Assam to the hilly terrain of Arunachal Pradesh. To its north, the high-altitude areas of the district are part of the broader Himalayan range that extends into Tibet.
The West Kameng region is home to the indigenous Monpa, Sherdukpen, Brokpa, Bugun, Miji, and Hrusso (Aka) tribal communities. The cultural landscape of this region has been significantly shaped by Tibetan influences, largely because of its close proximity to Tibet and, its historic role as part of the ‘Monyul corridor’. Tibetan Buddhism plays a crucial role in the region’s spiritual life, with numerous monasteries and gompas (monastic complexes) reflecting Tibetan architectural and religious traditions. The introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 17th century, alongside the migration of Tibetan monks and refugees, has had a lasting impact on the cultural and spiritual practices of the local tribes.
Your journey begins at the foothills near the town of Bhalukpong (213m above sea level), a popular tourist picnic spot next to the Kameng river. As you begin your ascent, the road follows the course of the river with the landscape shifting to temperate vegetation as you gain altitude.
Just a short drive from Bhalukpong is the Sessa Orchid Sanctuary, the first protected area for preservation of local orchids in the country in 1989. The Tippi Orchid Research Centre near Bhalukpong is engaged with the identification and conservation of rare and threatened orchids. The gardens and museum feature a wide variety of orchid species, with a special focus on those indigenous to the northeastern region of India. Visitors can enjoy the vibrant displays of orchids in various stages of bloom. The center is managed by the Arunachal Pradesh State Forest Research Institute, under the guidance of the Department of Environment and Forests, Arunachal Pradesh.
Practical information: Entry fees may apply; check with the center for current rates. If you have more time in hand, guided orchid trails and trekking routes are a great way to explore the Sanctuary.
How to reach: Accessible by road from Assam and Bomdila(Arunachal Pradesh); the journey takes approximately 3-4 hours through scenic landscapes.
The Orchid Sanctuary conjoins with the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary to its southwest. Nestled in the gorges and valleys of Eastern Himalayas, this sanctuary spans altitudes from 500 to over 3,200 meters (1,640 to 10,500 feet), creating a range of habitats from lush tropical forests to alpine meadows.The sanctuary is a paradise for birdwatchers, home to over 450 species of birds, including the rare Bugun Liocichla. Beyond birdwatching, visitors can embark on guided nature treks through dense forests, where they might spot red pandas, Bengal tigers, Asiatic black bears, and elephants.
Eaglenest’s significance in West Kameng lies not only in its biodiversity but also in its crucial role in conservation efforts. Travelers can visit local villages and interact with indigenous communities and learn about their sustainable practices and deep connection with the land and environment. For example, the Singchung Bugun Village Community Reserve was formed by local Buguns who donated 17 sq kms of their land towards the protection of the critically endangered endemic Bugun Liocichla which was discovered here.
If you take a right detour toward Rupa before reaching Bomdila, you’ll encounter the Sangngag Choekhor Dargyeling, also known as Zangdokpalri Monastery, majestically perched on a hilltop. Popularly known as Chilipam Monastery, it was established in the early 20th century and it stands as a significant center of Tibetan Buddhism in West Kameng District. Over 200 years old, this serene monastery is a lesser-known gem known for its traditional Tibetan architectural style, vibrant murals and colorful depictions of Buddhist teachings. The monastery’s location provides stunning 280 degree views of the lower valleys, making it a perfect spot to pause and soak in the beauty of the landscape. While you are there, make sure to pick up the traditional incense made by the monks at the Monastery itself, crafted from a blend of natural resins, herbs, and aromatic woods.
Practical information: Check the timings for the Monastery ahead of time as it is often closed for renovations. You can also stop by the nearby café for snacks and refreshments.
Just beyond Chilipam, nestled in the valley, you’ll find Shergaon, a charming village renowned for its apple and kiwi orchards. The region’s cool climate and fertile soil create perfect conditions for fruit cultivation, making the orchards particularly enchanting, especially during the harvest season.A visit to these orchards provides a chance to enjoy fresh fruits and see traditional farming techniques.
Best time to visit: April to October.
Practical information: Orchard tours can be arranged with local farmers.
How to reach: It is accessible by road from Bomdila and Dirang within the state, and from Bhairabkund in Assam.
If you are staying overnight at Shergaon, the Choskorong waterfalls is a must visit. A beautiful 30 minute hike from the main road, the Choskorong waterfalls is amidst the deep forest, with fruit trees dotting the pathway.
The river is adopted by the near village community, which means they are in charge of conservation efforts.
As you head north along the main highway, the road begins a steep ascent toward Bomdila, the district headquarters of West Kameng. The elevation here rises sharply, reaching about 2,217 meters (7,274 feet). Bomdila is perched on a ridge, offering panoramic views of the surrounding mountain ranges, including the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas to the north. If you’re visiting in April, don’t miss the Rhododendron Festival, where the town and its surroundings burst into color with blooming rhododendrons that paint the landscape in hues of pink and red. The festival is a perfect introduction to the region’s natural beauty and cultural vibrancy. The fresh rhododendron juice is a must-try, especially during the festival.
Best time to visit: Especially in April, during the festival.
Practical information: The festival is held in Bomdila’s central grounds.
Other things to do while there: The bustling local market in central Bomdila is perfect for sampling local handicrafts and traditional foods. Markets are open daily; try visiting in the morning for the best selection.
Continuing northward from Bomdila, the road descends slightly into the valley of the Dirang River with the landscape transitioning to wider valleys and gentler slopes.
A short detour from the main road leads to Thembang. The Thembang village and Dzong (Fort) are situated at high altitude, surrounded by green hills and snow-clad mountains. The Dzong’s wood and stone architecture reflects the influence of its close neighbors, Tibet and Bhutan and the living cultural traditions of the Monpas. The Thembang Dzong is believed to have been constructed as early as 1100 BC, with archaeological findings, including Neolithic tools and weapons. Thembang is currently a protected archaeological monument under the care of the Archaeological Section, Research Department, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh
Best time to visit: April to October.
How to reach: It is located 55 km north-east of Bomdila at the altitude of 2169 m.
Due to the high footfall of tourists at the thermal hot springs in Dirang, we recommend avoiding this destination to allow it to breathe and recuperate. Instead, as you approach Dirang, consider visiting the National Research Centre on Yak, a leading institution in Yak science and conservation in India. Here, you can learn about the breeding and conservation of yaks, a vital part of the region’s culture and economy. Dedicated to the breeding and conservation of yaks, this center provides valuable insights into the lives of these hardy animals, which are crucial to the livelihoods of the high-altitude communities of the Himalayas.
Dirang is located at an elevation of about 1,490 meters (4,888 feet). The topography here features wider valleys and gentler slopes compared to the steeper regions south of Bomdila. As you leave Dirang and head further north, you can either take a detour towards Sangti and Chug or continue on the winding high-altitude roads leading to Sela Pass.
A short drive north east from Dirang is Sangti Valley, a picturesque spot known for its lush greenery and the migratory black-necked cranes that visit in winter. Enjoy a stay at the sheep farm, local homestays or camp by the river surrounded by the hills.
The Nyukmadong War Memorial is a significant historical site on the way towards Tawang District. It commemorates the bravery and sacrifice of Indian soldiers who fought in the Battle of Nyukmadong during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. The Battle took place in November of 1962 with the surrounding area being one of the critical points of conflict between Indian and Chinese forces. The memorial consists of a central monument with inscriptions detailing the events of the battle and honoring the soldiers who lost their lives.
Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit is between October and March, as the weather during this period is more favorable for travel and exploration.
Practical Information: Visitors should be prepared for a rugged journey and may need special permits to travel in the region. It is advisable to check local regulations and obtain the necessary permissions before visiting. Additionally, the local staff will be more than happy to share details of the battles for those interested.
After crossing Nyukmadong and continuing further north, the road ascends once more, navigating higher elevations as you approach the Sela Pass. This is one of the highest motorable passes in the world, sitting at an altitude of 4,170 meters (13,681 feet). The pass is often covered in snow, presenting a stark and barren landscape with sparse vegetation and frozen lakes, including the picturesque Sela Lake.
Exploring West Kameng in Arunachal Pradesh offers a blend of natural splendor and the deep cultural influences of local communities. Whether it’s the biodiversity conservation efforts or the rich cultural heritage found in the villages, dzongs, and gompas, the district provides a multitude of experiences. Although it covers only a small area compared to the vast size of Arunachal Pradesh, travelers should allocate ample time to truly appreciate what this region has to offer.
